Buenas noches! Acabo de subir un nuevo video de Youtube acerca del tráfico de Lima, en este se pueden observar algunos casos de incoherencias al volante, les dejo el video por aquí:

 

The various response possibilities of a driver in an emergency situation stress, may include assertiveness, good treatment, adequate management of anger, in short what are known as social skills, which can reduce stress resulting from work. These social skills are then understood as fundamental tools and methods for forming bonds healthy among people within a given context.Generally, research on stress focuses on its effects onhealth and its biological and psychological factors that imply it; however,The study of the nature and origin of stressors is also important and has raised new questions in recent years. There are three ways main social stressors; life events, which are usually changes acute events that require readjustment for short periods of time, such as “recent stress”, the second form is role stress; what are the demands persistent that require readjustment over prolonged periods of time, such as “chronic stress” and the third are the so-called daily setbacks which are mini-events that require small daily readjustments; as minor events or “daily stress”. These three types of stressors can contribute independently in the prediction of disturbances of the health associated with stress. Such categories of stressors usually act in ways interrelated and often influence each other; life events can cause chronic stressors, and vice versa. (Sandín, B. 2003).

Useche, Ortiz and Cendales (2017) developed a study that examined the relationship between psychosocial factors and stress at work, fatigue and risk behavior in Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) drivers of four transport companies in Bogotá, Colombia in a sample of 524 operators. Using structural equation modeling, The authors found that risky driving behaviors could be predicted through work stress, and some psychosocial factors, such as effort-reward imbalance and social support at work; They also showed that fatigue and the need for recovery are mediators of the association between work stress and risk behavior in driving, as well as between social support and risk behavior in driving, but not in the association between effort-reward imbalance and risky driving behavior. The study concludes by stating that the conditions work related to work stress are relevant predictors of employee behavior. risk in driving and that fatigue is also linked to work stress and risk behaviors; However, they found no association between effort-reward imbalance and risky driving behavior. The authors suggested that, in addition to apply occupational programs focused on the individual to reduce work stress, should guide interventions that manage the reduction of fatigue while driving aimed at changing some working conditions in order to reduce the behaviors of risk and promote safety at work for both drivers and on the roads.

Telmo, B., Brescia, B., Fabio, M. & Lizbeth, T. (2020). Riesgos psicosociales y estrés laboral en conductores de buses de transporte público de Lima Metropolitana, 2020. Retrieved from https://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/bitstream/handle/20.500.12404/20733/Riesgos%20psicosociales%20y%20estr%C3%A9s%20laboral%20en%20conductores%20de%20buses%20de%20transporte-BECERRA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 

 At the Latin American level, according to the Mobility Observatory (2011), transportation public evidences a series of unfavorable circumstances for its correct development, this product of the very poor regime and the innocuous supervision by of government agencies and public agents, thus, in Colombia the Traffic accidents represent the second cause of violent deaths with a 21%, only behind homicides which account for 60.5%, it is also recorded as the main cause of accidents the fact of not maintaining a distance cautious between vehicles (32.17%) disobedience of traffic signs (11.69%) and finally sudden overtaking without any control (8%). 

Levels of the autonomy dimension in drivers of urban transportation companies in the city of Cusco, 2018

Interpretation: 77% of the drivers present low level autonomy, 23% present medium level autonomy and there are no drivers who present high level autonomy. This indicates that there is a significant number of drivers who still need to improve their ability to face different social conditions and be able to adequately manipulate their behavior in the face of social influence, probably having to work under pressure and complaints from the users themselves.

Levels of the environment domain dimension in drivers of urban transportation companies in the city of Cusco, 2018

Interpretation: 87% of the drivers present low-level environment mastery, 13% present medium-level environment mastery and there are no drivers who present high-level environment mastery. This could mean that the majority of drivers are not able to make positive decisions nor control various situations in their lives since these can help contribute to their own personal development.

 En este post se presentará este link sobre un podcast respecto a una discusión entre dos youtubers peruanos sobre cómo se podría solucionar el tráfico Limeño:

Salazar and Pereda (2010) carried out a study with the objective of making known the relationship between Burnout syndrome and behavioral patterns in the context of traffic on interprovincial route drivers. A sample of 94 drivers was taken from four metropolitan transportation companies, to which the Inventory of Maslach Burnout in its generic format. The results indicate high percentages of drivers affected by severe levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and burnout. While emotional exhaustion (r= 0.729) and depersonalization (r=0.651) were positively and significantly related to burnout syndrome (p < 0.01), low personal accomplishment was negatively related to these dimensions andweak with burnout syndrome. Lastly, it was found that the drivers of public transport show worrying levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.

Concept of driving aggression

Aggression is divided into two types: angry aggression and instrumental aggression. This distinction clarifies how frustration can be the cause of aggression. When we are angry, aggression gratifies us by causing pain or discomfort to the victims. On the other hand, when we are not angry, aggression is rewarded by various achievements in daily life, such as money or status, which is known as instrumental aggression. Frustration, although a minor cause of aggression, tends to lead primarily to angry aggression. Aggression has multiple concepts that involve physical, verbal, destruction, hostility, among others. For Martínez and Duque (2008) aggressiveness is a innate capacity in individuals, which from the social cognitive model can be control, and thus be able to adequately manage relationships with others.

 Ponce, Bulnes, Aliaga, Delgado and Solis (2006) investigate behavioral patterns in the traffic context, in a group of 740 private and professional drivers from Metropolitan Lima, finding that interprovincial drivers have the best behavioral styles for driving in front of traffic. . to other groups (taxi drivers, minibuses and individuals); They perceive and accept risk more appropriately, they are cautious, attentive and responsible, with a high level of security. On the contrary, the other groups reveal maladjusted, dangerous and high-risk behavior. Quesada (2005), with a sample of 343 patients or relatives of patients who were victims of traffic accidents, from the “Adriana Rebaza Flores” National Rehabilitation Institute, found that 86.6% of them have a high level of knowledge about risk factors of traffic accidents and 66.2% perceive in the population a negative attitude towards compliance with road safety regulations. They identify as causes of this negative attitude the low level of knowledge of the risk factors for traffic accidents, the influence of weather conditions, the state of the road, the distance to travel taking into account the speed and the relationship between victims, traffic accidents and public transportation.

Taxi drivers in the city of Lima have a very aggressive style, creating natural disorder and unnecessary competition to invade lanes thinking that in this way they will "get out of traffic." As well as, the lack of empathy regarding pedestrians and traffic rules. In Peru, there is a low rate of road culture and social empathy.

 

In Lima, there are 210 thousand taxis traversing the city throughout the day, marking the highest number of taxis in Latin America (Navarro S. 2014). When compared to New York, which has nearly the same population as the capital of Peru, the Big Apple boasts 30 thousand taxis, which is nearly 200 thousand taxis fewer than in Lima (Rischmoller D, 2013). However, New York is not the sole example. "Buenos Aires (Argentina), Santiago (Chile), and Madrid (Spain) have 13, 4, and 5 taxis per 1,000 inhabitants, respectively. Therefore, in Lima, there is an excess of over 130% of taxis" (La Republica, 2016).

If taxi drivers are informed about this, one of their responses is, "There is no work, that's why I have to 'taxi,'" and it is true, as seen earlier, unemployment has increased. However, they are not aware that they contribute to 72% of Lima's traffic congestion. This means that 60% of the roads are occupied by taxis, covering only 4% of the demand. Therefore, they are causing significant harm to the capital, not just to transportation routes but also to the environment, and they are not aware of it.

Reference:

A. Reghellin (2018). La congestión vehicular en Lima Metropolitana entre los años 2016 y 2016 afecta economicamente a las empresas aseguradoras de vida y a sus trabajadores. Retrieved from https://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12724/6170/Trabajo.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y